Mint plant4/11/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Since allelopathy is specific, it offers interesting applications for biological pest control. This leads to an interesting question that has been rarely addressed: how does the source plant prevent that it is not inhibited by its own allelochemicals? One possibility to obtain specificity would be to use compounds that activate a signaling process in the receiving plant that is not activated in the donor plant itself, due to inactivated binding of the compound. In order to exert their effect, they have to be released into the environment, which is the reason, why many allelochemicals are volatiles. Plant essential oils, often with monoterpenes as primary components, accumulate in different vegetative organs, such as leaves, bark, wood, roots, but also in flowers or fruits, sometimes in specialized glands, sometimes in lysogenic or schizogenic oil ducts ( Bruneton, 1995). Allelochemicals can be produced in different organs and can suppress the growth of target plants by different mechanisms upon contact of the allelochemicals with the target plants ( Choesin and Boerner, 1991). As part of this defense, plants can suppress the growth of competing neighbors by releasing chemicals, a process called allelopathy ( Lambers et al., 2008). Plants have developed mechanisms to defend and adapt themselves against biotic and abiotic stress factors. Our study paves the way for the development of novel bioherbicides that would be environmentally friendly. This mortality was elevated in a tubulin marker line, where microtubules are mildly stabilized. We could show that menthone disrupted microtubules and induced mortality linked with a rapid permeabilization (less than 15 min) of the plasma membrane. Based on the comparison between bioactivity and chemical components, we identified menthone as prime candidate for the allelopathic effect, and confirmed this bioactivity targeted to microtubules experimentally in both, plant cells (tobaccoBY-2), and seedlings ( Arabidopsis thaliana). To understand the mechanism behind this allelopathic effect, we investigated the response of tobacco BY-2 cell lines, expressing GFP-tagged markers for microtubules and actin filaments to these essential oils. We used a comparative approach to identify allelopathic compounds from different Mints (genus Mentha, but also including Cat Mint, Nepeta cataria, and Corean Mint, Agastache rugosa, belonging to sisters clades within the Mentheae) using the standard cress germination assay as readout. Mints produce essential oils, which are known to affect the growth of other plants. Plants can use volatiles for remote suppression of competitors. 3Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.2Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.1Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.Mohammed Mahmood Sarheed 1, Fatemeh Rajabi 1, Maritta Kunert 2, Wilhelm Boland 2, Sascha Wetters 1, Kai Miadowitz 1, Andrzej Kaźmierczak 3, Vaidurya Pratap Sahi 1* and Peter Nick 1 ![]()
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